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第一千零九十九章 革马政

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    兵部与五军都督府虽有文武之别,但在涉及到军队战斗力的问题时,其立场是一致的。
    铁铉与徐辉祖的观点很明确:战马就是战斗力。
    朱允炆看向杨士奇,平和地说:“说说你的理由吧,说服不了他们,又如何说服朕。”
    杨士奇听出了朱允炆的弦外之音,皇上是支持自己的,可想要改变眼下的马政,需要充分的理由。
    理由,有很多。
    杨士奇出班,以洪亮的声音喊道:“皇上,臣之考虑有三点。其一,自洪武六年设置太仆寺,强行摊派民间百姓牧马至今已三十余年。江南十一户人家养一匹马,江北五户人家养一匹马。若养护不当,马驹病死,需百姓赔偿。”
    “一匹马一年耗用,少说也要六两至八两钱钞,寻常百姓之家,忙碌一年剩余又有多少?拿出仅存钱钞去养马,百姓困顿,稍有疾病困难,便难以为继。民牧战马俨然成为苛政,百姓苦其久。”
    徐辉祖皱眉。
    ?苛政,这话是不是说得有点过了。
    以江北论,五户人家分摊八两,一家一年也就合一两六钱,老百姓连这点钱都拿不出来吗?
    杨士奇抬了抬笏板,继续说:“第二,民牧三十余年,虽有成效,然成效甚微。据臣所知,洪武三十年,民牧上缴战马合八千,然能充入军营,适合作骑兵的尚不足九百。”
    “以民养马,如养牛羊,不善奔跑,无以行远,且马瘦膘少,难适严寒边关之地。洪武三十一年,边关中奏报战马累冻病死七百余,大部出自民牧战马。臣不禁自问,行苛政,损人心,劳无数百姓之力,尤不能得充裕战马,当真还要继续下去?”
    铁铉看向徐辉祖,徐辉祖沉默不言。
    没错,百姓养马,养出来的往往只是马,不是战马,用来拉东西,走走短程还行,想要长途奔袭,辗转千里作战,难。
    百姓谁会精通养马,他们的逻辑就是喂马草,伺候好吃喝,溜达溜达就行了。可这种养马方式,只能将好马养废!
    战马战马,需要从小打基础,时不时奔跑、锻炼。
    你让一个平日只跑一里路的短跑马,突然改跑三五十里路,战马受不了,也跑不动。加上民牧养出来的战马多数营养不良,个子不够,按照骑兵的标准遴选,确实许多马不能用,只能沦为拉马车、驮载货物的马。
    这个现象的长期存在,也是大明养了三十年马,始终无法支撑朝廷战马需求的一个原因。毕竟一次战役折损一万多战马,民间需要七八年才能补充上来。
    朱允炆凝眸,看着杨士奇,有些震惊地问:“八千民牧之马,能入军营的不到九百?”
    杨士奇肃然回道:“此事是否属实可问兵部。”
    铁铉无奈,只好硬着头皮回答:“杨阁所言不虚,然每年能有九百战马,也好过全无一匹战马。”
    朱允炆摆了摆手,挥退铁铉:“八千只得九百,朕要得一万战马,就需百姓养马十万不成?如此数目可谓触目惊心!”
    杨士奇重重点头,再次说:“第三,祁连山马场已运作多年,每年可向朝廷输送战马不下四千。
    在打败帖木儿之后,西疆天山马场随之建立起来,自建文七年初至今已两年多,明年开始便可向朝廷输送战马,预期每年不低于战马五千,加之太仆寺其他地方养育战马,每年朝廷可增战马一万三千余。”
    “臣以为,年增一万三千战马,五年之后,朝廷战马保有量将突破二十五万,十年之后,战马数量将在四十万至五十万之间。臣以为,官牧有祁连山、天山两大马场,又有朵颜卫进贡,茶马古道、瓦拉鞑靼互市,朝廷已无强制摊派百姓牧马的必要。”
    朱允炆盘算着,打下哈密,打下亦力把里,占据天山南北,特别是与帖木儿的战役让大明一次获得了大量战马,给大明马政带来了极大改观,也带来了大量的优良马种,为天山马场打下了基础。
    ?杨士奇的估计是靠得住的,大明现在也没有大型的战事要打,对战马的迫切已不如洪武年间。虽然大明与瓦剌、鞑靼迟早会几次,但朱允炆喜欢一劳永逸,要打,就彻底打服了,彻底控制住,而不会像历史上的洪武、永乐一样几次北伐。
    洪武、永乐都是牛人,洪武一直想要消灭北元,可惜打了几次,折损不少,后来连马都没多少了,没有了深入的本钱。
    永乐倒是本钱不少,出去一趟就是几十万兵力,但这些兵马以步兵为主,骑兵数量不多,难以深入追击,加上人多后勤太重,拖延了行军速度,别人搬家了,他还在后面晃悠。
    归根到底,他们不是没有能力打败甚至是消灭北元或瓦剌鞑靼,而是因为缺乏战马,缺乏一次深入、长期驻扎、持续作战、穷追到底的资本。
    朱允炆相信,自己可以解决这些问题,发动一次真正具备决胜性意义的战争,让草原彻底臣服。
    既然官牧战马的数量已经上来了,继续摊派百姓养马就不应该再进行下去了。
    朱允炆思虑再三,终下定决心:“内阁拟旨吧,昭告民牧之地,百姓之家,朝廷摊派牧马一律交还官府,由官府造册之后,发卖给百姓或商人,日后再无民牧之事。为补偿百姓牧马辛劳,洪武年间准给免一人徭役的,照例准许五年。”
    铁铉、徐辉祖想要反对,却难以找出合适的理由。
    杨士奇赢得了百官的敬重,他凭借着自己的智慧与胆略,移开了压在江南、江北数十万户百姓头上的一座大山,让许多“牧场”重新回归农田。
    马政虽然革新了,但太仆寺的事并没有结束,夏允忠、张永修、王栋等人被押解京师,查实之后下狱待斩,而太仆寺的整顿也随之展开。
    都察院并没有放过这一次整顿官场的机会,抓到就咬,咬住就不放,短短十日,就有三十余太仆寺官员被处置。
    在这个过程中,监察御史张子真、夏洵、陈文儒立下大功,成为了言官中的佼佼者。那一位骂人不吐脏字,文笔犀利的顾靖海,更是领了一纸调令,从国子监直接进入都察院,成为了一名言官。
    戴德彝与练子宁并不在意顾靖海骂过都察院,这个家伙敢骂人,不怕得罪人,是最好的言官苗子。
    事实证明,顾靖海并不是一个投机政客,在进入都察院的第二天,领导、同僚还没认熟,就写了一封奏折,直接弹劾都察院。
    这家伙,狠起来连自己也弹劾……
    戴德彝苦涩不已,练子宁有些无奈,但顾靖海弹劾并不是空穴来风,也不是风闻奏事,而是实事求是,一针见血,直指都察院办事效率低下,御史不办事,尤其是地方御史,一年到头连两篇弹劾文书都写不了,要你们干嘛去了,应该强制规定,监察御史下至地方,一年不得低于十二封弹劾奏疏。
    至于弹劾的是主簿,还是知县,亦或是知府,布政使司,随你们,?即要真实,负责到底,又要有数量。
    戴德彝有些惊恐,你顾靖海一个月能写五篇弹劾奏章,难道其他人也能?强制数量,你就不怕冤枉好人?
    难道说地方上就没有好的了,没有事也得胡乱弹劾?
    考虑到顾靖海的战斗力实在是旺盛,加上六亲不认,戴德彝也担心落他手里,索性委以重任,安排顾靖海去了江西巡视。
    在马政案进行的同时,五军都督府与兵部联名上奏,请求在京军中设置骑炮兵营,先行摸索与试验骑兵、炮兵结合的战术,研究适配骑兵的火器与战法。
    朱允炆欣然同意,将躲在燕王府里抱孙子的朱棣给拉了出来,让他负责骑炮兵营的组建、训练。
    自从昌都剌大捷回京之后,朱棣就“消失”了,谁上门都是闭门谢客,一律不见。一年也就露面一两次,还是躲不过去的那一种,比如给老朱上陵。
    朱棣知晓,虽然朱允炆不害怕自己功高震主,但自己害怕,害怕沾沾自喜之后得意忘形,最后走上一条不归路。
    现在的朱允炆已经掌控大明九年了,九年来,他文韬武略,开疆拓土,大兴文教,无论是军士、还是士子,无论是百姓还是商人,无论是匠人还是医者,都认可朱允炆,支持朱允炆。
    人心稳固,江山稳固,已是不可撼动。
    在这种情况下,朱棣宁愿躲在家里陪孙子朱瞻基,也不想与军士更多接触,以免引起朱允炆的顾虑、言官弹劾、安全局的尾随……
    可朱允炆并不打算遗忘朱棣,虽说几次大战,大明有了不少新的将领,如张辅、袁岳、段云、周大志等,但朱棣是唯一的,是很难被取代的。
    天才的将领很多,但天才的统帅加将领却很少,偏偏朱棣就是。
    朱允炆再次启用朱棣,骑炮兵营的设置,拉开了大明军队火器革新的新篇章,传统的步兵型神机营地位逐渐弱化,炮、骑结合的战术开始萌芽……

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